Introduction

Through the combined decisions of numerous African governments, generally Egypt and Ethiopia, African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM) performances as an influential plan directed at dipping clashes and brining stability to the region. Nevertheless, the mission looks important challenges because of the complex national welfares of Egyptian and Ethiopian soldiers, which can expose both the mission’s accomplishment and local permanence in Somalia. The historical pressures between these nations, along with their differing political goals, obscure operational harmony and posture a risk to the all-encompassing ATMIS objectives. 

Traditionally, Egypt and Ethiopia have had a stressed relationship, noticeable by disputes over crossborder water possessions, expressly about the Nile. The building of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) has intensified these tensions, with Egypt inspecting it as a threat to its water security, however Ethiopia realizes it as a critical development project on behalf of its national economic development (Hawaz & Xi, 2024). These long-lasting hostilities often manifest not only in bilateral diplomatic relations but also within polygonal military partnerships like ATMIS. The existence of soldiers from both nations in a single operational theater generates a distinctive vibrant that demands a compound complementary of opposing national individualities and benefits.

In the stratosphere, Egyptian soldiers naturally operate under orders that align with Cairo’s broader strategic goals, principally in opposing the rise of militant groups that impend regional constancy and in indorsing peace and development in line with Egyptian political benefits. Not at all, Ethiopian soldiers give

¹ Master for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somaliland.

  * guledjama2030@gmail.com 

• Corresponding Author: Guleid Jama (* guledjama2030@gmail.com)
• To Cite: Jama, G. (2025). Egyptian and Ethiopian Soldiers in AUSSOM: The Complex Dynamics and Their Implications for Stability in Somalia. Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(2), 136-143. https://doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.viii.25362   

the impression to be inclined by the security of the country’s independence and regional authority, recompensing deep devotion to the association of power within the Horn of Africa in line with Ethiopian foreign policy intentions. This discrepancy is compounded by old criticisms that lead to joint cynicism and an absenteeism of tangible dialogue that might combine efforts which are serious for the accomplishment of the task. Furthermore, the impact of different national profits incorporates beyond the soldiers to lower stratums of command deeply heartrending ATMIS’s knowledge buildings and resource dissemination. E.g., operational results are credible to be overpoweringly prejudiced by nationalist feelings instead of being well-known on an imperative requirement to build effective strategies to counter threats postured by intemperate groups. Like this, straying from expediency in methods concerning strategy, info dissemination, and ability might result in the letdown of ATMIS to understand its purposes.

The Role of Egypt and Ethiopian Forces 

Considering the broad context, the peculiar Ethiopian and Egyptian forces’ differences shape the problems facing Somalia. The case of Somalia appears as basically unstable, showcasing some combination of familial strife, political fragmentation, and numerous conflicting forces. In this case, the failure of Egyptian and Ethiopian marines to synergize their efforts might pose some operational problems, allowing extremist elements to exploit these weak spots, further undermining Somalia and worsening the humanitarian crises. Therefore, as the mission analysis indicates, the relentless Somaliland-Australia venture (AUSSOM) attempts to reconcile the strategic Egypt and Ethiopia ‘enduring national interests’ friction is the basic emphasis questioning the mission’s efficacy and prospects of sustainable peace in Somalia.

These experiments also contain attractive with, not only as a response to, the multifaceted historical and political contexts of the ornate nations, but also with a commitment to dialogue, trust and support on an agenda which, in its very nature, prioritizes collaboration in order to succeed. This can help mitigate the risks introduced by competing benefits and increase the mission’s potential to fully subsidize to local stability. The background to the contribution of Egypt and Ethiopia in Somalia is rooted in a multi-faceted interplay of the regional decrescendos, national power families and their welfares mainly as these elements intersect within the framework of the AUSSOM.

The process of modern Ethiopian formation, colonial legacies, global ideological splits during the Cold War era, regional alignments, nationalism, and domestic political and security issues all played important roles in shaping Ethio-Somalian bilateral relations. Economic and security cooperation, on the one hand, and mutual destabilization and proxy war, border skirmishes, conventional war, military and political interventionism, and alliance formation with each other’s opponent states, on the other, defined bilateral ties.

The strategic incentives driving Egypt and Ethiopia’s contribution in AUSSOM reproduce extremely ingrained anxieties and ambitions for better regional inspiration. Egypt has conventionally approached its foreign policy in the Horn of Africa with cautiousness and planned scheming. The Nile River, vigorous for Egypt’s water supply, shows a dominant role in determining its geopolitical strategies. Consequently, Egypt’s appointment in Somalia can be construed as an effort to stand Ethiopia’s cumulative inspiration, on the whole because of supposed pressures from the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Whereas Ethiopia declares that the barrier will meet important energy requirements, Egypt is anxious about a noteworthy decrease in its part of the Nile waters (Kurtz et al., 2024). This matter of water security has encouraged Egypt to form associations that boost its regional impact, counting its contribution in AUSSOM, to confirm an unchanging Somalia that can help as a counterpoise to Ethiopia’s determinations. In opposition, Ethiopia’s inspirations for its participation in Somalia are thoroughly knotted to its goals of regional leadership and steadiness. Kurtz et al. (2024) stated that, Addis Ababa interpretations its involvement in Atmis as an addition of its foreign policy, expected at bolstering its role as a key player in East Africa. By subsidizing troops to AUSSOM, Ethiopia not merely establishes its commitment to struggling terrorism, chiefly against groups like Al-Shabaab, but also pursues to range its regional influence, thereby confirming its position as an important country in the Horn of Africa. This strategic posture is predominantly philosophical of Ethiopia’s historical context, where both inner and external conflicts have formed its foreign activities since the dawn of the 20th century.

Implication for Stability in Somalia

The unpredictability in Somalia offers Ethiopia a double chance: it allows the preservation of its limitations from radicalism whereas also showcasing its military ability and diplomatic thump finished leadership parts in AMISOM (the precursor assignment to AUSSOM) as well as AUSSOM. Ethiopia’s armed forces participation is therefore a strategic creativity to assist a neighboring state and boost its standing among regional leaders, capitalizing on the experiments modeled by the Somali conflict. 

The old background and interests overdue Egypt and Ethiopia’s contribution in AUSSOM imitate an extensive local vivacious designed by national security concerns. These troubles highlight the obligation for a nuanced understanding of how confrontational national securities power inducement both the task’s accomplishment and regional durability in the Horn of Africa (Kurtz et al., 2024). As both nations remain to balance their determinations against the real-world realities of collaboration in an unstable situation, the inferences for AUSSOM and Somalia become more serious in the present discourse on regional security. The general benefits of Egypt and Ethiopia suggestively form their military approaches within the outline of the African Union’s transition mission in Somalia (AUSSOM). At the essential of these benefits are important geopolitical anxieties that notify each country’s military posture and eventually affect the mission’s effectiveness. Egypt’s strategic significances are basically predisposed by its historical competitiveness with Ethiopia, predominantly about water security, agricultural production, and national sovereignty (Matfess & Lyons, 2023). The completion of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam has discriminated these pressures, motivation Egypt to adopt a self-justifying carriage to moderate professed threats to its Nile River water deliveries.

In this situation, an unescapable stratosphere of misgiving affects the connections between Egyptian and Ethiopian soldiers inside AUSSOM. For example, Egyptian military employees may anchorage worries about the operational purposes of their Ethiopian complements, mistrusting that the latter’s aims might tortuously strengthen Ethiopia’s regional inspiration at Egypt’s expenditure. Such discernments can stand-in a microclimate of doubt, leading to hesitance in appealing in combined operations or allocation energetic intelligence, which is critical for efficacious counter-insurgency struggles in Somalia (Matsuda, 2022).

Basically, this tension establishes throughout the development and accomplishment of operations. The harmonization of mutual missions can be hindered by opposing strategic urgencies, with Egyptian troops meeting on guaranteeing important military activities and conservation limitations amid fears over Ethiopia’s upward influence. On the contrary, Ethiopian forces see a prospect to enhance their operational competences through cooperative engagements, further complicating collaboration within the Atmis mission framework. In their hard work to counter Ethiopia’s intensifying encouragement, Egyptian soldiers may exhibit hesitation or lack of enthusiasm to extend trust, missing occasions for impactful missions in inconsistency of terrorist groups like Al-Shabaab (Tobey, 2023).

The regional difficulties also affect leadership changing aspects within AUSSOM. Command constructions may inelegantly manipulate national welfares, consequential in conflicting directions that service one national agenda over another. The probable for clashing orders not individual impressions mission understanding but also creates an unpredictable operational countryside where objectives may not align with AUSSOM’s extensive goals of stabilizing Somalia and, by extension, the bigger Horn of Africa (Dieng, 2021).

Even though both countries are supposedly associated under the African Union Support and Steadiness Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM) framework, their fundamental contention for regional ascendancy confounds their collaboration. The study recommends that the operational element often appearances tests when national reimbursements are suddenly different. The relationship between military-strategic goalmouths secured to national benefits results in a dichotomy of purposes that impedes all-inclusive obligation within ATMIS. Thus, it can be struggled that the resistance between Ethiopian and Egyptian workers can decrease the complete efficiency of military procedures proposed to stand-in steadiness in Somalia. 

Accordingly, it becomes strong that the inheritance of national competitions between Ethiopia and

Egypt has important penalties, demanding a thorough empathetic of the internal undercurrents of military appointment. Classifying these complications delivers a view through which the delicate effects of conflicting national benefits can be observed, thereby underwriting to the wider conversation on military association in international surroundings e.g., AUSSOM. The African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM) helps as a dangerous response to the varied challenges in front of the Somali state; nevertheless, its operational boundaries are difficult by the knotted national benefits and narratives of its underwriting countries, mostly Egypt and Ethiopia. Both countries possess inimitable historical backgrounds and socio-political motorists that effect their military purposes and communications within the mission construction. Egyptian initiatives, mainly intended at increasing Egypt’s regional height and increasing its inspiration in the Horn of Africa, regularly current a narrative that highlights anti-terrorism and constancy as vital for national security and regional partnership. 

On the other hand, Ethiopian troops, showed by their national security requirements, are situated within a narrative that highlights the need to defend the honesty of the Somali central experimentation and their regional hegemonic determinations, particularly regarding the continuing pressures connected to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam.

The suggestions encompass beyond instantaneous operational dares; they also endanger the larger aim of fostering regional constancy. An absence of an amalgamated strategy not only impersonations Atmis’s aptitude to sustain security and provision peace-building energies in Somalia but also sends mixed indications to several participants in the region. This unpredictability can encourage extremist groups, which prosper in surroundings obvious by supposed military disagreement and disjointed ingenuities (Farah & Demirel, 2023). Amalgamated with underlying historical arguments and opposition for impact, predominantly regarding the Nile River as well as other cross-border possessions, the military interactions between Egyptian and Ethiopian soldiers within Atmis are far more complex than mere collaboration against a mutual opponent. This characteristic complexity places of interest the requirement for strategic understanding of national benefits and military accounts to augment both the mission’s efficiency and the complete chase of steadiness in Somalia.

Dynamics and Cooperation’s

At its fundamental, the communication dynamic services between Egyptian and Ethiopian soldiers within AUSSOM reproduce a relationship where national welfares are entangled in rivalry, pretentiousness encounters that threaten the mission’s steadiness. Speaking these complications is not only an operational obstacle but also a vigorous part of the wider agenda for maintainable peace and constancy in the Horn of Africa. The challenging national benefits of Egyptian and Ethiopian soldiers complicated in the African Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM) make momentous problems to the mission’s efficiency. The friction gets out of bed from these national safeties can destabilize operational aims and, in turn, reduce the mission’s general achievement (Abebe & Asnake, 2025). Egypt and Ethiopia, both important companies in the region with elaborate antique and political circumstances, emphasize contradictory significances in the moderation framework, principal to pre-emptive dishonesties and battles that confrontation the mission’s goals.

The characteristic resistance between these contradictory national intents leads to organization and association issues within AUSSOM. While both nations precise a communal obligation to alleviating Somalia, their challenging interests often encumber the growth of amalgamated strategies. Operational dissonance rises when Egyptian services kindness counter-terrorism actions that bring into line with Cairo’s comprehensive geopolitical willpowers, which may contrast from those calculated obligatory for Ethiopian security apprehensions. This disagreement can be obvious in disagreements over rules of assignation, where each country’s planned urgencies clash. Such conflicts not individual behavior the efficiency of military procedures but can also erode the trust indispensable for accommodating commitment in multifarious undertaking situations (Khan & Adama, 2024).

In conclusion, the participation of Egyptian and Ethiopian troops within AUSSOM summarizes the difficulties of challenging national interests, which, when skewed, posture noteworthy intimidations to the mission’s effectiveness and, accordingly, to regional constancy in Somalia. Sympathetic these undercurrents are indispensable for emerging approaches that improve collaboration and alleviate the opposing belongings of competition. The inspiration of outside issues on the Horn of Africa is central in influential national benefits and the military promises of Egyptian and Ethiopian soldiers within the African Transition Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM). Both countries, deep-seated in a regional rivalry worsened by historical disagreements over Nile admission and subjects related to their national security circumstances, travel around a multifaceted geography connecting various exterior actors. The geopolitical arrangements and benefits of international stakeholders play an essential role in essential ATMIS’s operational efficiency as well as influential complete steadiness within Somalia. Egypt, conventionally associated with views highlighting the defense of its Nile water rights, understands Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam (GERD) project as an unswerving threat to its national security. This condition has demanded to a militarization of magniloquence and politics on both sides, with Egypt in search of to forge alliances to counter perceived Ethiopian supremacy. American effect, for drawing, has archaeologically served as an alleviating influence for Egyptian comforts, with the United States be in favor of for dialogs around GERD. Additionally, Cairo has sought partnerships with other Arab nations, such as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, to encourage its inspiration against Ethiopia constantly (Hagi Mohamoud, 2023).

Regional and International Relations 

Ethiopia’s national benefits are bent by its determinations for regional leadership as well as its economic inheritance, which are recurrently throw down the gauntlet by outside forces looking for to reservation the contemporary state or encumber Ethiopia’s growth. The complicated relationship between Eritrea and Ethiopia augments difficulty to this competition, as Eritrea’s historical maintenance for Ethiopia’s opponents bring into line with Egypt’s areas of uncomfortable Ethiopian determinations. Accordingly, the outside narrative, predisposed by Ethiopia’s associations with nations like the United States, expressly after Ethiopia’s important participation in African Union-led inspirations, produces a dual awareness and achievement go-ahead within the Atmis framework. The effect of external actors encompasses to inacceptable internal congruence and the operational efficiency of the Atmis services. Worldwide parties, comprising the African Union, the European Union, and the UN, endeavor to intercede amongst growing stresses curtailing from conflicting national benefits between Egyptian and Ethiopian forces. 

In time, the link between outer congregations shows a vigorous role in determining the tough undercurrents between Egyptian and Ethiopian militaries within AUSSOM. These haulages hold prodigious position, not simply for the immediate accomplishment of the job but also for the wider circumstantial of limited constancy in Somalia, demanding a profound indulgent of both indigenous situations as well as outdoor undercurrents. The inconsistent nationwide benefits of Egyptian and Ethiopian militaries in The African Union Support and Maintenance Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM) theoretically influence the assignment’s success and the steadiness of the region. Sheikh (2024) contends that the changing purposes and inducements of these two countries can increase tensions within the mission, finally obstructing its capability to temporary leadership in Somalia. Succeeding the commencement of the Atalanta undertaking in 2008, the primary purposes of Atmis were to battle extremism, maintenance the Somali National Army, and enable humanitarian support. 

On the other hand, the occurrence of thought-provoking national securities improves a side by side of difficulty that prowls these purposes. Because of its terrestrial comparison and historical ties with Somalia, Ethiopia often arranges its national security and regional ascendancy. In disparity, Egypt’s strategic benefits are principally positioned on management Nile Water Resources and dropping Ethiopia’s encouragement in the region, specifically given the up-to-date tensions neighboring the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (Regr). This deviation is not simply theoretical; it reveals in the operational suggestions of atmis, where troops may find themselves torn between loyalty to their national retreats and the integrated work goals of the transnational force. As Sheikh (2024) highpoints, this core division within Amitis can escalate conflicts in Somalia. For example, when Ethiopian soldiers perceive Egyptian movements as undermining their national objectives such as involvement in Somali politics that could challenge Ethiopia’s influence the potential for rubbing rises. Such conflicts may develop in strategic disagreements throughout tactical operations against dissatisfied groups, foremost to cockeyed significances in combat or kind efforts. 

Identifying that both nations have discrete historical political, economic, and military creativities, these case studies demonstrate how local endorsements could be formed by national significances, on or after time to time ensuing in tightness that intensify regional discrepancies. A noteworthy occurrence ascended near Mogadishu, where Egyptian and Ethiopian troops were apportioned to achieve cooperative perambulations (Sheikh, 2024). During this mission, a major conflict developed vis-à-vis the guidelines of rendezvous. The Egyptian armies, ensuing a defensive position associated with Cairo’s continuing aim of perpetuation unchanging surroundings to defend its Nile water rights, constant a negligible use of power. On the contrary, the Ethiopian military, driven by a strategic imperative to assert dominance in the extent amid continuing disputes connected to the Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) project, implemented a more assertive approach to address made-up dangers postured by local fraternities and extremist factions. This conflict caused a terminated joint mission, which reduced the overall effectiveness of ATMIS in addressing concerns in Mogadishu (Abdallah, 2024). 

A remaining occurrence underscoring compressions and difficulties appropriated place during a philanthropic aid dissemination in Baidoa. In this case, Ethiopian troops, stimulated by a proindependence agenda to bolster a regional government associated with Addis Ababa, undertook to complete the circulation of aid requirements. Conversely, Egyptian forces, encouraging for union and collaboration, resisted this control, contending that sensible distribution of aid would build local trust in ATMIS. This standoff immovable the consideration of local media and significantly inclined the Somali population’s view of ATMIS, significant in discriminating doubts about the mission’s non-interventionism (Ali & Ylönen, 2025). Further understandings can be gathered from an analysis of a logistics operation involving the undertaking of troops and resources. In this situation, Egyptian soldiers, with their marine assets based along the Red Sea, commenced to send supplies to enhance ATMIS’s operational capacity. Ethiopian forces, cautious of the implications of amplified Egyptian influence on their security framework, disrupted the logistics chain, insisting on overseeing all supply operations. This disruption instigated delays in troop revolutions and the accessibility of dangerous resources, obstructing the operational readiness of AUSSOM and its complete mission in Somalia (Farah & Demirel, 2023).

Conflicting national financial statement are also evident in the training and suggested functions of soldiers from Egypt and Ethiopia. Sources put it to somebody that training exercises universally reflect the philosophical perspectives of individual nations, with Egyptian troops focusing on counter-terrorism strategies formed by their regional experiences. In divergence, Ethiopian troops icing on the cake comprehensive regional security views, add in conflict resolution approaches knowledgeable by their historical obligations in the Horn of Africa. This discrepancy resulted not only in a lack of unity among forces but also sophisticated misgiving within the ranks, at the end of the day impacting the selfconfidence and cooperation necessary for successful joint operations (Abdel-Salam, 2019). These case studies collaboratively glass case that the multifaceted interaction of national interests between Egyptian and Ethiopian forces within the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) significantly influences the mission’s good organization and molds local interpretations on the legality and function of ATMIS in Somalia. 

Interest of Egypt 

Egypt’s main benefits in the Horn of Africa are inclined by its robust desire to protection its water properties, mainly about the disagreements near the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). This intention consistently produces prepared trainings that can by concurrence decline indigenous leadership and intensify in outcome tightness in Somalia (Matfess, & Lyons, 2023). Egyptian armed service station might putatively establish some unchangeable environments to shrinkage pressure on water security, on the look of it at the price of give a talk the constant philanthropic problems handled by the Somali people (Sheikh, 2024). This slight stress might be inciting spirits of offense and isolation among local societies, who could interpretation foreign forces as understanding external and incompatibly contrasting national aims as a substitute of helping as UN armed forces. On the other hand, Ethiopian military armies repeatedly integrate their national aims into peacekeeping visions, completely as Ethiopia intentions to declare its power and inspiration in Somalia as a significant component of its higher approach to support regional power. The existence of Ethiopian forces, associated to the Somali conflict through their armed actions in the 1990s, classically mixtures up comparable objections and long-lasting suspicion among indigenous populations. Looking for their intentions, Ethiopian forces could assume military actions directed at instantaneous national security interests, probably dodging cooperative peace developments indispensable for nurturing indigenous acceptability. As Terrefe (2025) shows, this fragmented approach not only obscures the joining between peacekeepers and Somali non-fighters but also reduces from the prime objectives of sustainable peace and modification purposes. 

These understated compassion things to understand the serious requisite for a standard shift within AUSSOM, as well-known by Terrefe (2025). He highlights that the contests of general supports must produce to a more enduring enthusiasm to local involvement and community-driven inventiveness, highlighting that peacekeeping actions are not just sensitive results to conflicts, but across-the-board efforts expected at nurturing lifelong immovability in the area. The corporation between Egyptian and Ethiopian soldiers operating within AUSSOM demonstrates a multifaceted self-driven, committed that is significant for understanding both the efficacy of the work and indigenous constancy. As earlier argued, these forces are designed not only by the immediate security competitions accessible by the Somali conflict but also by their individual national welfares, which positively determination their relationships and inspirations within the mission. 

Egypt’s aids in Somalia primarily emphasis on stabilizing regional power and protection the immovability of trade routes in the Red Sea, as any impulsiveness might unfavorably affect their national security. Oppositely, Ethiopia’s approach emphases on safeguarding its local solidity and avoiding any possible support for insurgences immediate its limitations, however also declaring a leadership position in the Horn of Africa. These self-contradictory welfares over and over again observable in different operational policies and significances within AUSSOM, significant to resistance that delays the fused accomplishment of the task. The significances of these inside conflicts are important. Investigation has discovered a departure in evidence outlines and operational policies, where Ethiopian forces might emphasis on self-assured actions against groups like Al-Shabab, however Egyptian troops underline diplomatic obligations and permanency ingenuity through local communal involvement (Hawaz, & Xi, 2024). These inconsistencies can lead to operational tumults, important in endless or erroneous struggles, in the end hindering the mission’s effectiveness. 

Conclusion

The most geopolitical background undoubtedly affects the development of these forces. The present propagation in competition between Ethiopia, specifically about the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, and its downstream nationals similar Egypt, signs more challenges. Both motherlands might hire their contribution in Somalia as a means to flute situation strength or expansion local allies, thus enchanting into account the objectives of the cooperative mission. The consequences for local immovability are similarly important. The United Nations showed that an effective AUSSOM operation is vigorous not merely for opposing self-indulgence in Somalia but also for establishment a security framework that helps economic recovery and promotes political determinations to the Somali crisis. Unfortunately, current national wellbeing in conflict could demoralize this plan, nurturing a culture of incredulity and leavetaking, in which Egyptian and Ethiopian armies might place nationalist aims above the shared task. Given these challenges, it is sturdy that a practicable response must go outside military negotiations and dissertation remarkable geopolitical pressures. These requirements nurturing communication not just between Egyptian and Ethiopian armed forces however also interesting wider district contributors to produce an air encouraging to common empathetic and teamwork. It is merely through these political promises that undertakings within AUSSOM can be interconnected to a combined aim: the restoration of peace and steadiness in Somalia. As a result, highlighting the unrelenting constraint for in-depth political clarifications is vigorous. Subsidizing in discussions that direct the elaborate system of general rewards can activate a modification in the operational constancy of ATMIS. The preparation of Egyptian and Ethiopian army stratagems within AUSSOM not only progresses the task’s effectiveness but also shows an essential part in the unchanging steadiness Africa. of the district, helping as an outline for upcoming accommodating security ingenuities in the Horn of Africa.

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